Grammar Part 2 Prepositions
Part 2: Prepositions (การใช้คำบุพบท)
- At We use at with times. (เราใช้บุพบท at กับเวลา)
Examples:
- Tom usually leaves work at five o’clock.
- I always go to bed at 11PM.
- We also use at in these expressions. (เราใช้บุพบท at ในสำนวนเหล่านี้ด้วยเช่นกัน)
Examples:
- At night
- At Christmas/ at Easter
- At the moment/ at present
- At the same time
- At the age of
- On We use on with dates and days. (เราใช้บุพบท on กับวันที่ และวัน)
Examples:
- On 12 March
- On Friday(s)
- On Christmas Day
- In We use in for longer periods of time (for examples: months/years/seasons) (เราใช้บุพบท in สำหรับระยะเวลาที่ยาวนาน)
Examples:
- In January
- In 1999
- In (the) winter
- In the morning (s)
- We do not use prepositions of time before at/on/in before last and next. (เราไม่ใช้ at/on/in หน้าคำว่า last และ next)
Examples:
- I will see you next
- Harry and Sofia got married last
- In + a period of time
Examples:
- In a few minutes
- In a week
- In six months
- Of expresses the relationship of a part of something to its whole.
(เราใช้บุพบท of แสดงความสัมพันธ์ของบางส่วน)
Examples:
- Some parts of your bodywere injured.
- Most of the guestsare gone.
- About means ‘on the subject of’ something or ‘concerning of’
something/someone. It also means ‘approximately.’ (about หมายถึงหัวเรื่องของบางสิ่ง หรือความเกี่ยวข้องเกี่ยวกับบางสิ่งหรือบางคน)
Examples:
- I was about to leave.
- He cares about his classes.
- I have about 30 candiesin my bag.
- This article is about computers.
- For means ‘with the object or purpose of’. It indicates a suiting of purpose for
something/someone (for หมายถึง หัวเรื่องของ หรือวัตถุประสงค์ของ เป็นการบ่งบอกถึงความเหมาะสมของวัตถุประสงค์สำหรับบางสิ่งหรือบางคน).
Examples:
- I will always be here for you.
- I have done it for my benefit.
- Lettuce is a good vegetable for making a salad.
- With means ‘accompanied by’ something or someone (with หมายถึง การตามด้วยบางสิ่งหรือบางคน).
Examples:
- I will always be with you.
- I have brought some books with me.
- He is playing with his sisters.
- By means ‘as a means of’ something or someone (by หมายถึง วิธีการของบางสิ่งหรือบางคน).
Examples:
- Do you travel by bus/train/plane/bike?
- The email was written by him.…to indicates a fixed time-span with the beginning and the end (from…to บ่งชี้ถึงช่วงระยะเวลาที่ชัดเจน มีจุดเริ่มต้นและสิ้นสุด).
Examples:
- I worked there from 2010 to 2017.
- I usually work from Monday to Thursday.
- I will work there from 10 AM to 6 PM.
- Until/tillindicates a specific or unspecific time/event up to a point (until/ till บ่งชี้ถึงเหตุการณ์หรือเวลาที่เฉพาะเจาะจง หรือไม่ชี้เฉพาะเจาะจง).
Examples:
- They will not return until Friday.
- Wait for me until I return.
- I will be there until Monday.
- Sinceindicates a time-span beginning in a time in the past and still continuing in
the present (now) (since บ่งชี้การเริ่มต้นของเวลาในอดีตและยังคงเกิดขึ้นต่อเนื่องถึงปัจจุบัน).
Examples:
- Alex has been in the village since Sunday.
- Peter has been suffering from fever since Friday.
- For indicates a period of time (amount of time) in the past, present or future (forบ่งชี้ถึงระยะของเวลาในอดีต ปัจจุบัน หรืออนาคต).
Examples:
- James stayed there for four days.
- Sarah will work with them for a year.
- Henry was standing there for a long time.
- Beforeindicates a prior event/ period of time from a point (before บ่งชี้ถึงเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นก่อน).
Examples:
- Bob was very nervous before the interview.
- Before going, close all the windows.
- After indicates a following event/period of time from a point (after บ่งชี้ถึงเหตุการณ์ที่ตามมา).
Examples:
- Cindy felt good after the interview.
- I want to leave after lunch.
- Duringindicates a period of time throughout the course or duration of anyevent or action. (during บ่งชี้ถึงระยะเวลาของเหตุการณ์หรือการกระทำ)
Examples:
- Robert was sleeping during the film.
- We don’t talk during dinner.
- I don’t usually smoke during office hour.By means ‘within the extent or period of; during’ something (by หมายถึง ภายในระยะเวลา ระหว่างบางสิ่ง).
Examples:
- I will complete the assignment by Saturday.
- He will return by 7 PM.Verbs & Prepositions
- Some verbs are usually followed by prepositions before the object of the verb. (กริยาบางตัวจะตามด้วยคำบุพบท อยู่ก่อนกรรมของกริยาตัวนั้น)
Verbs with ‘for’
Examples:
- Ann apologized for being late.
- I applied for the job but I didn’t get it.
- How do you ask for a milk in French?
- Tom spent many years caring for his aged parents.
- Ken can’t go out because he has to prepare for an interview tomorrow.
- With ‘from’
Examples:
- The spray can protect you from
- Has Lily recovered from the cold?
- Paul suffers from hay fever.With ‘in’
Examples:
- I believe in
- You have to work hard if you want to succeed in
- With ‘of’
Examples:
- Our dog died of old age.
- This shampoo smells of
With ‘on’
Examples:
- I can’t concentrate on my work.
- Come on! We’re relying on you!
- We don’t agree on anything, but we’re good friends.
With ‘to’
Examples:
- Can I introduce you to my teacher?
- Who does this coat belong to?
With ‘with’
Examples:
- I agree with the comments about public transport.
- My secretary will provide you with more information.