Grammar Part 2 Gerund and Infinitive
Part 2: Gerund and Infinitive
การใช้ Gerund (verbs ending in -ing, Example: doing)
- After verbs that express likes/dislikes (ใช้หลังคำกริยาที่แสดงความชอบ หรือไม่ชอบ):
ได้แก่
like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, don’t mind, can’t stand …
Examples:
-
- Sarah really hates walking home in the rain.
- My grandchildren enjoy doing crossword puzzles.
- Philip likes listening to music in the car.
- After other verbs such as (ใช้หลังคำกริยาบางจำพวก):
ได้แก่
|
Examples:
- Tony admitted hitting the window with the ball.
- We appreciate having a bus stop close to our house.
- I can’t help laughing when the actor was a funny face!
- Would you consider doing a few extra hours?
- Marie delayed leaving until the ambulance arrived.
- We discussed putting an advertisement in the newspaper.
- The manager finished writing the report, then left.
- My father gave up smoking last year and feels better now.
- The job involves making presentations and speeches.
- David postponed calling home until the flight was booked.
- The tourist office recommended taking the train.
- The shop assistant remembered giving her a receipt.
- Harry suggested taking a taxi instead of walking home.
- After prepositions (ใช้หลังคำบุพบท):ได้แก่
– worried/nervous/anxious about …
Examples:
- I’m a bit worried about driving in the snow.
- Laura is nervous about walking home alone in the dark.
- He’s anxious about moving to a new country.
– interested in …
Example:
- Are you interested in working for us?
– instead of …
Example:
- Would you like to walk instead of taking the bus?
– fond of …
Example:
- My sister is fond of doing crossword puzzles.
– good at …
Example:
- Jane is good at making
– keen on …
Example:
- My brother is keen on watching sports on television.
– before …
Example:
- Before leaving the office,
– after …
Example:
- After tidying the kitchen she went straight to bed.
- After certain expressions (ใช้หลังสำนวนบางอย่าง):ได้แก่
– it’s no use …
Example:
– It’s no use pleading – I won’t change my mind.
– it’s no good …
Example:
– It’s no good shouting at him – he’s deaf!
– there’s no point in …
Example:
– There’s no point in cooking food – nobody’s hungry!
- Verbs that take only infinitives as verbal direct objects (คำกริยาที่ตามด้วยคำ Infinitives ซึ่งใช้กับกรรมตรงเท่านั้น)
| agree | decide | expect | hesitate | |
| learn | need | promise | neglect | |
| hope | want | plan | attempt | |
| propose | intend | pretend |
Examples:
- I hope to go on a vacation soon.
- Henry promised to go on a diet.
- Because my daughter was nervous, she hesitated to speak.
- The policemen will attempt to help the victim.
- Verbs that take only gerunds as verbal direct objects. (คำกริยาที่ตามด้วยคำ Gerunds ซึ่งใช้กับกรรมตรงเท่านั้น)
| deny | risk | delay | consider |
| can’t help | keep | give up | be fond of |
| finish | quit | put off | practice |
| postpone | tolerate | suggest | stop (quit) |
| regret | enjoy | keep (on) | dislike |
| admit | avoid | recall | mind |
| miss | detest | appreciate | recommend |
| get/be through | get/be tired of | get/be accustomed to | get/be used to |
Examples:
- The drivers always avoid drinkingbefore driving.
- I recall asking her that question.
- Suzy put off buying a new dress.
- Robert enjoys cooking.
- Charlie keeps calling his girlfriend.
- Verbs that take gerunds or infinitives as verbal direct objects. (คำกริยาที่ตามด้วยได้ทั้ง Gerunds และ Infinitives ซึ่งเป็นกรรมตรง)
| start | begin | continue | hate |
| prefer | like | love | try |
| remember |
Examples:
- George has continued to work at the store.
- George has continued working at the store.
- We like to go to the movies.
- We like going to the movies.
- Brian started to walk
- Brian started walking home.
Forget and remember
These two verbs change meaning depending on whether a gerund or infinitive is used as the object. (คำกริยา 2 คำดังกล่าว สามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงการใช้ได้ตามความหมาย ว่าคำกริยาที่ตามมาจะอยู่ในรูป Gerund หรือ Infinitive)
Examples:
- Jim forgets to take out the cat.
(He regularly forgets.) Jim ลืมนำแมวออกไปข้างนอกเป็นประจำ - Jack forgets taking out the cat.
(He did it, but he doesn’t remember now.) Jim พาแมวออกไปแล้ว แต่จำไม่ได้ - Carl forgot to take out the cat.
(He never did it.) Carl ไม่เคยพาแมวออกไปข้างนอก - Carl forgot taking out the cat.
(He did it, but he didn’t remember sometime later.) Carol พาแมวออกไปข้างนอกแล้ว แต่จำได้ภายหลัง - Nick remembers to take out the cat.
(He regularly remembers.) Nick จำได้เสมอว่าต้องพาแมวออกไปข้างนอก - Nick remembers taking out the cat.
(He did it, and he remembers now.) Nick พาแมวออกไปข้างนอกแล้ว และตอนนี้จำได้แล้วว่าได้ทำไปแล้ว - Marie remembered to take out the cat.
(She did it.) Marie จำได้ และได้พาแมวออกไปข้างนอกแล้ว - Marie remembered taking out the cat.
(She did it, and she remembered sometime later.) Marie ได้พาแมวออกไปข้างนอกแล้ว และจำได้ภายหลัง