Grammar Part 3:Present Perfect

Part 3: Present Perfect

Use the present perfect to talk about a time period that is not finished (e.g. today, this week). (ใช้ present perfect เพื่อกล่าวถึงช่วงเวลาที่ยังไม่สิ้นสุด)

Examples:

• I have written a paper this morning. (it is still morning)
• Tom has gone to New Zealand. (He is in New Zealand or on his way there now.)
• Have you washed your hands? (Are they clean now?)
• Oh, we’ve forgotten his name. (We can’t remember it now.)
• Use the present perfect to talk about a present situation which started in the past, usually with for or since. (ใช้ present perfect เพื่อกล่าวถึงสถานการณ์ปัจจุบันที่เกิดขึ้นตั้งแต่อดีต ปกติจะใช้คำว่า since = ตั้งแต่ และคำว่า for = เป็นระยะเวลา)

Examples:

• She has worked really hard for the last two weeks. (She’s worked hard till now.)
• We’ve lived in Bangkok since

• Use the present perfect to talk about something that happened at an unstated time in the past but is connected to the present. (ใช้ present perfect เพื่อกล่าวถึงบางสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น แต่ไม่ได้ระบุช่วงเวลาที่เกิดขึ้นในอดีต แต่เป็นสิ่งที่มีความต่อเนื่องถึงปัจจุบัน)

Examples:

• Sarah and I have read all the books on the reading list.
• She‘s studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

The following time expressions are often used; ever, never, before, up to now, so far, recently, already, and, yet with negatives or questions. (มักใช้สำนวนบอกเวลาเหล่านี้ใน present perfect คือ ever, never, before, up to now, so far, recently, already, and, yet)

Examples:

• Have you finished your assignment yet?
• She has already started.
• I haven’t seen Jack recently? Have you?
• Have you ever seen a Kiwi bird?
• Ken has never tried Sushi?
• Bill has never driven a car before.
• Where have you been up to now?
• A: Have you finished your homework yet?

B: No, so far I’ve only done my history